Medical Treatment
- Seeking medical advice offline is still the best way to go.
- If there are obvious discomfort and persistent symptoms, it is advisable to visit the emergency room as soon as possible.
- Online consultations are not only less efficient but also pose security risks. Please choose carefully.
- When opting for online consultations, it’s important to ensure the protection of personal or private information.
- Breast issues are not within the scope of gynecology; they typically fall under breast health or general surgery.
- Only a portion of gynecological conditions is related to sexuality; one can still develop gynecological issues even without a sexual history.
- Gynecological inflammations may transition from acute to chronic, but they generally do not transform into cancer.
- Regular gynecological departments in reputable hospitals usually do not perform treatments such as vaginal flushing, irrigation, red light therapy, or ozone therapy.
- Some hospitals may have outdated information in their educational materials; please read with caution.
- If uncomfortable with a male doctor during a visit, you can request a change of examination room or cancel the appointment without worry.
- Male doctors must have a third party of the same gender present during consultations, typically a female nurse.
- Even without symptoms, it is recommended to undergo regular checks for HPV, TCT, and gynecological ultrasound.
- Breast self-examinations are no longer recommended by new guidelines; regular breast ultrasound checks are now suggested.
- The duckbill speculum is commonly used in gynecological examinations, with the medium size being the default choice.
- There are three types of gynecological ultrasound: abdominal (with a full bladder), rectal, and vaginal.
- Radiating examinations include X-rays, CT scans, PET-CT scans, eccetera.
- Seeking medical advice involves choosing a trustworthy doctor as a partner to address or overcome diseases.
Gynecological Infections
- Having no sexual activity doesn’t guarantee immunity from gynecological infections; it just lowers the probability.
- Some gynecological infections are associated with factors like underwear, bedding, menstrual products, and hygiene habits.
- In the absence of symptoms, it’s not advisable to artificially intervene in the vaginal microbiome environment.
- Common types of vaginal infections include bacterial, fungal, and trichomonal infections.
- The type of vaginal infection cannot be determined by the naked eye; a doctor needs to perform routine examinations on vaginal discharge for accurate diagnosis.
- Normal vaginal discharge is dynamic and doesn’t have a fixed appearance or color.
- Yellowish, sticky, or increased vaginal discharge doesn’t necessarily indicate a vaginal infection.
- Symptoms of vaginal and vulvar infections include itching, redness, burning sensations, and pain.
- Inflammation diagnosis primarily relies on patient symptoms and examination results; color or odor is only supplementary.
- The external genitalia contains Bartholin’s glands; inadequate hygiene may lead to Bartholin’s gland inflammation or abscess formation.
- Chronic/mild inflammation of the cervix is normal and often doesn’t require treatment or concern.
- The presence of pelvic fluid doesn’t necessarily indicate pelvic inflammatory disease; symptoms are crucial for diagnosis.
- Many pelvic inflammatory diseases are elicited during examination; tenderness can be felt anywhere under stress.
- Normal depth of pelvic fluid is less than 3 cm; exceeding 3 cm depends on symptoms.
- Women are more prone to urinary tract infections; maintaining cleanliness and staying hydrated is advised.
- Mycoplasma is one of the normal vaginal microbiota; a positive result doesn’t always require treatment.
- Recurrent gynecological infections require adequate and complete treatment along with consolidation therapy.
Cervix and HPV
- “Cervical erosion” is not an illness and does not require treatment; this term has been removed from textbooks.
- The scientific term for “cervical erosion” is cervical ectopy, which is a normal physiological phenomenon.
- Medications or treatment plans prescribed based on “cervical erosion” should be approached with caution.
- In gynecology, the focus on HPV mainly pertains to high-risk types affecting mucous membranes; other types are classified under dermatology.
- High-risk HPV infections are primarily associated with sexual contact, and the probability of indirect transmission is extremely low.
- Current medical technology cannot trace the specific source and time of HPV infection in patients.
- There are usually no symptoms after infection with high-risk HPV, so regular screening is recommended.
- Due to the inability to cultivate HPV outside the body, there is currently no specific treatment for HPV.
- Infection with high-risk HPV alone does not require treatment but necessitates TCT examination and follow-up according to medical advice.
- After infection with high-risk HPV, there is a 70% to 80% probability of spontaneous clearance within 1 to 2 years.
- The likelihood and duration of clearing HPV infection are influenced by various individual factors.
- The majority of cervical lesions or cervical cancer are associated with HPV types 16 E 18, requiring close attention.
- After testing positive for HPV types 16 E 18, a colposcopy biopsy is recommended.
- The gold standard for diagnosing cervical lesions is pathological biopsy, not visual inspection, TCT, or colposcopy.
- Regardless of sexual activity history, the World Health Organization encourages early vaccination against HPV.
- Pre-vaccination HPV testing is not necessary, but post-vaccination, regular HPV testing is recommended.
- Currently, HPV vaccines are available in two-valent, four-valent, and nine-valent forms; it is advisable to receive the one that is most suitable.
Contraception and Disease Prevention
- Currently, there is no contraception method with a 100% success rate; it is advisable to choose a method that suits oneself.
- Any unprotected sexual contact carries the risk of transmitting sexually transmitted diseases (malattie sessualmente trasmissibili).
- After unprotected sexual contact, it is essential to undergo a prompt examination for preoperative eight and four infectious diseases.
- If there is a high suspicion of possible HIV infection, it is advisable to apply for post-exposure prophylaxis at the disease control center.
- Currently, the only contraception method that prevents sexually transmitted diseases is the use of condoms.
- The contraceptive success rate of condoms is between 75% E 98%, closely related to the proper use of the method.
- Condoms are available in large, medium, and small sizes, and it’s important to choose the appropriate size.
- Short-acting contraceptives not only prevent pregnancy (in giro 99%) but also have therapeutic effects.
- It is preferable to take short-acting contraceptives at the same time every day.
- The effective period of contraceptive implants is 3 to 5 years.
- Contraceptive patches are a common method (91% to 99%), mainly relying on the absorption of estrogen and progestin through the skin.
- Male sterilization has lower risk, cost, and faster recovery compared to female sterilization.
- So-called “liquid condoms” not only have a high failure rate but also increase the risk of disease transmission.
- Emergency contraceptive pills are a remedial measure after the failure of regular contraceptive methods.
- Emergency contraceptive pills should be taken within 72 hours, and the later they are taken, the less effective they become.
- “Precum” or pre-ejaculate fluid may contain a small amount of sperm, and there is a possibility of pregnancy.
- Relying on the withdrawal method for contraception is considered unsafe by medical professionals.
- If no conventional contraception method is used, it cannot be considered an accidental pregnancy.
Intimità
- Rather than focusing on appearance and color, we should be concerned about the normal structure and function of organs.
- Bleeding may not occur during the first sexual encounter, but its presence indicates an increased risk of ruptures and infections.
- The first experience is often accompanied by unpleasant sensations; it is essential to communicate and signal “stop” if necessary.
- Whether it’s the first time or any subsequent time, attention to cleanliness and protection is crucial.
- Difficulty in penetration may be due to vaginal spasm or structural developmental abnormalities.
- The hymen (commonly known as the “virginity membrane”) has openings before menstruation, facilitating the flow of menstrual blood.
- The labia minora are usually closed in everyday life, effectively protecting the vagina from external influences.
- Most people’s labia minora are asymmetrical, and if it doesn’t impact daily life or work, there’s no need for intervention.
- Leg-crossing behavior in young girls between 2 E 4 years old often continues into adulthood for many.
- There’s no specific restriction on the frequency of masturbation as long as it doesn’t affect life and work; it can be arranged as desired.
- Whether using tools or hands, it is advisable to practice cleanliness and protection before masturbation.
- Individual needs fluctuate and are uncertain at different stages and states.
- The vagina is usually in a closed state, becoming semi-open after congestion.
- Insertive sexual activity is not the only way and should not be the default; alternatives should be explored.
- The clitoris has a head and legs, with the legs running along the sides of the vagina, and it can be stimulated by insertive activities.
- The existence of the G-spot is currently a subject of debate in the academic community, and it’s not necessary to actively pursue it; personal experiences should be prioritized.
- Soltanto 25% of women experience vaginal orgasms.
- Approximately 75% of women can achieve clitoral orgasms, which are also easier to attain.
- Di 25% of women may never experience any form of orgasm in their lifetime.
- 33% of women may fake orgasms (possibly higher), and their partners may be unaware.
- There are various types of sexual desire disorders that require professional diagnosis; self-diagnosis is not recommended.
- Female ejaculation (“squirting”) is essentially urinary incontinence since the bladder is the only organ capable of storing a significant amount of fluid.
- The term “wetness” is often the secretion of Bartholin’s glands.
- A considerable number of women prefer foreplay, and some may even exclusively enjoy it.
- Compared to length, women tend to favor girth and hardness, with skills and communication being equally important.
- Sexual tightness is reciprocal; if someone mentions you are loose, it might be their issue.
- The duration should be satisfactory for both parties; excessively long durations can strain the throat and test acting skills, while overly short durations require prompt medical attention.
- Oral sex can also transmit diseases and requires proper hygiene; using a dental dam is advisable.
- Anal intercourse may lead to ruptures, abscesses, or sphincter relaxation or tears.
- “Drunken mistakes” are often premeditated actions fueled by alcohol-induced courage.
- There are no specific recommendations for pubic hair; individuals can choose to keep or remove it as they please.
- Vaginal gas expulsion is a normal phenomenon, usually caused by imperfect organ fit, allowing air to enter.
Menstruation
- Menstruation is just menstruation; it is not “Aunt Flo,” not “that time of the month,” and not a stroke of bad luck.
- The normal total menstrual volume ranges from 5 mL to 80 mL, with most people falling between 20 mL and 60 mL.
- Menstrual cycles are not always 28 days; as long as the intervals are consistent, it can be considered regular.
- If the total menstrual volume is less than 5 mL, it is considered too little, and the underlying cause should be investigated.
- If the total menstrual volume exceeds 80 mL, it is considered excessive, and anemia and the underlying cause should be monitored.
- Both too little and too much menstrual flow require examination of hormone levels and gynecological ultrasound.
- It is normal for the menstrual blood, once outside the body, to appear dark and clot; it is not a sign of toxicity or cold.
- Dysmenorrhea is divided into primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea, with the latter requiring further investigation into the underlying cause.
- Primary dysmenorrhea is related to prostaglandins, and there are ways to alleviate it without enduring the pain.
- Methods to relieve primary dysmenorrhea include: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), short-acting contraceptives, and heat conduction.
- Components of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs include ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and etoricoxib, among others.
- Warm water and heat pads can help alleviate dysmenorrhea by increasing the metabolism of prostaglandins.
- Weight gain during menstruation may be related to water and sodium retention.
- Whether it’s okay to eat popsicles, drink cold beverages, or take baths during menstruation is something to be experimented with individually.
- Medications can be used to postpone menstruation, but it is necessary to start at least 2 weeks in advance and follow medical advice.
Pregnancy
- Pregnancy is just one choice in life; it is not a mandatory path.
- Before deciding to get pregnant, it is advisable for both partners to understand relevant knowledge about pregnancy and parenting.
- The so-called “optimal childbearing age” is essentially the best age for anything you do.
- Both partners should quit smoking and drinking, including e-cigarettes, before attempting to conceive.
- Posterior uterine position does not necessarily affect pregnancy; only an extreme forward tilting position may have an impact.
- Elevating the hips for 10-15 minutes after intercourse can assist sperm in entering the uterine cavity.
- Most couples conceive within one year of trying, with the average being 4-6 months.
- Il concetto di “protecting the fetus” is pseudo; a healthy embryo doesn’t need protection.
- Morning sickness usually occurs between 6 E 16 weeks of pregnancy, but some may experience it beyond 20 weeks.
- Everyday items such as phones, WiFi, induction cookers, and printers do not emit (ionizing) radiation.
- Pregnant women can drink coffee during pregnancy; it is recommended to limit it to the amount in a latte (around 250ml).
- Eating certain foods during pregnancy is unlikely to change the baby’s skin color; genetics play a more significant role.
- The physiological gender of the fetus is determined at the formation of the fertilized egg.
- Many postnatal traits and qualities are closely related to genetics.
- Pregnant women can eat crab as long as it’s cooked.
- It is not recommended to challenge oneself with new foods during pregnancy.
- The decision to perform an episiotomy is generally made by a midwife.
- Not everyone needs an episiotomy.
- It is essential to discuss with the doctor the possibility of painless childbirth before delivery.
- Regardless of having an epidural or not, postpartum back pain is common.
- The anesthesia used during a cesarean section does not affect the intelligence of the child.
- Pregnancy itself carries risks during intercourse; both partners should carefully consider the risks.
- Most women experience pelvic floor muscle relaxation after childbirth.
- For postpartum conditions such as vaginal relaxation and urinary incontinence, attempting Kegel exercises is recommended.
- Nota: It’s Kegel exercises, not Tengger exercises or Enger exercises.
- Kegel exercises typically show results after two months; if ineffective, medical consultation is needed.
- “Sitting the month” is referred to as “postpartum care” in modern medicine.
- The evaluation criteria for postpartum care are whether the mother is comfortable and healthy, with both aspects requiring consideration.
- Close attention should be paid to the postpartum psychological state of the mother, ensuring both physical and mental health.
Daily Life
- It is recommended to clean the external genitalia with plain water every night to maintain dryness and cleanliness, avoiding flushing or douching.
- Drink plenty of water, urinate frequently, avoid prolonged sitting, and refrain from wearing overly tight underwear to reduce the likelihood of inflammation.
- Changes in daily diet have a very low probability of affecting the odor of secretions, as the pathways are separate.
- There is no strong evidence supporting concepts like “treating like with like” O “color therapy.”
- “Dampness” can only be expelled through cremation.
- Il concetto di “uterine cold” is a later-developed pseudo idea.
- The uterus, ovaries, external genitalia, eccetera., do not require maintenance.
- Pigment deposition in the intimate area is normal under normal hormone levels and is unrelated to sexual experiences.
- Menstruation, sweating, enemas, and cleansing the intestines are not methods of “detoxification.”
- The effectiveness of brown sugar water for relieving menstrual pain depends mainly on the hot water used.
- Most of the health supplements available in the market cater to pseudo-demands.
- The best way to prevent skin aging is to use sunscreen.
- Excessive sugar intake can affect the condition of the skin.
- Bird’s nest, gelatin, flower gum, eccetera., have no proven benefits.
- The probability of spreading sexually transmitted diseases through shared toilets, washing machines, eccetera., is extremely low.
- Underwear and socks can be washed together, but it is advisable to add disinfectant for better hygiene.
Other Gynecological Diseases
- Four major gynecological emergencies: ruptured corpus luteum, ectopic pregnancy, torsion of ovarian cyst pedicle, and acute pelvic inflammatory disease.
- Ruptured corpus luteum usually occurs about 1 week before the next menstrual period and is often related to vigorous exercise.
- Ectopic pregnancy typically occurs around 6 weeks after the last menstrual period.
- Torsion of the ovarian cyst pedicle typically occurs when there is an existing cyst, and intense physical activity triggers it.
- Ovarian cyst torsion often involves a dermoid cyst, and it is unrelated to having twins.
- Surgery is not always necessary for ovarian cysts; for example, functional cysts can be observed.
- If an ovarian cyst is detected during a checkup, it is usually recommended to have a follow-up gynecological ultrasound after the next menstrual period.
- Diseases like uterine fibroids are challenging to eliminate through medication once they are established.
- Localized whitening, rupture, and bleeding of the skin in the external genital area may be indicative of lichen sclerosus.
- If there is bleeding during the ovulation period for three consecutive menstrual cycles, prompt medical attention is advised.