172 Wichtige Erkenntnisse zur Frauengesundheit

Medical Treatment

1. Seeking medical advice offline is still the best way to go.
2. If there are obvious discomfort and persistent symptoms, it is advisable to visit the emergency room as soon as possible.
3. Online consultations are not only less efficient but also pose security risks. Please choose carefully.
4. When opting for online consultations, it’s important to ensure the protection of personal or private information.
5. Breast issues are not within the scope of gynecology; they typically fall under breast health or general surgery.
6. Only a portion of gynecological conditions is related to sexuality; one can still develop gynecological issues even without a sexual history.
7. Gynecological inflammations may transition from acute to chronic, but they generally do not transform into cancer.
8. Regular gynecological departments in reputable hospitals usually do not perform treatments such as vaginal flushing, irrigation, red light therapy, or ozone therapy.
9. Some hospitals may have outdated information in their educational materials; please read with caution.
10. If uncomfortable with a male doctor during a visit, you can request a change of examination room or cancel the appointment without worry.
11. Male doctors must have a third party of the same gender present during consultations, typically a female nurse.
12. Even without symptoms, it is recommended to undergo regular checks for HPV, TCT, and gynecological ultrasound.
13. Breast self-examinations are no longer recommended by new guidelines; regular breast ultrasound checks are now suggested.
14. The duckbill speculum is commonly used in gynecological examinations, with the medium size being the default choice.
15. There are three types of gynecological ultrasound: abdominal (with a full bladder), rectal, and vaginal.
16. Radiating examinations include X-rays, CT scans, PET-CT scans, usw.
17. Seeking medical advice involves choosing a trustworthy doctor as a partner to address or overcome diseases.

Gynecological Infections

1. Having no sexual activity doesn’t guarantee immunity from gynecological infections; it just lowers the probability.
2. Some gynecological infections are associated with factors like underwear, bedding, menstrual products, and hygiene habits.
3. In the absence of symptoms, it’s not advisable to artificially intervene in the vaginal microbiome environment.
4. Common types of vaginal infections include bacterial, fungal, and trichomonal infections.
5. The type of vaginal infection cannot be determined by the naked eye; a doctor needs to perform routine examinations on vaginal discharge for accurate diagnosis.
6. Normal vaginal discharge is dynamic and doesn’t have a fixed appearance or color.
7. Yellowish, sticky, or increased vaginal discharge doesn’t necessarily indicate a vaginal infection.
8. Symptoms of vaginal and vulvar infections include itching, redness, burning sensations, and pain.
9. Inflammation diagnosis primarily relies on patient symptoms and examination results; color or odor is only supplementary.
10. The external genitalia contains Bartholin’s glands; inadequate hygiene may lead to Bartholin’s gland inflammation or abscess formation.
11. Chronic/mild inflammation of the cervix is normal and often doesn’t require treatment or concern.
12. The presence of pelvic fluid doesn’t necessarily indicate pelvic inflammatory disease; symptoms are crucial for diagnosis.
13. Many pelvic inflammatory diseases are elicited during examination; tenderness can be felt anywhere under stress.
14. Normal depth of pelvic fluid is less than 3 cm; exceeding 3 cm depends on symptoms.
15. Women are more prone to urinary tract infections; maintaining cleanliness and staying hydrated is advised.
16. Mycoplasma is one of the normal vaginal microbiota; a positive result doesn’t always require treatment.
17. Recurrent gynecological infections require adequate and complete treatment along with consolidation therapy.

Cervix and HPV

1. “Cervical erosion” is not an illness and does not require treatment; this term has been removed from textbooks.
2. The scientific term for “cervical erosion” is cervical ectopy, which is a normal physiological phenomenon.
3. Medications or treatment plans prescribed based on “cervical erosion” should be approached with caution.
4. In gynecology, the focus on HPV mainly pertains to high-risk types affecting mucous membranes; other types are classified under dermatology.
5. High-risk HPV infections are primarily associated with sexual contact, and the probability of indirect transmission is extremely low.
6. Current medical technology cannot trace the specific source and time of HPV infection in patients.
7. There are usually no symptoms after infection with high-risk HPV, so regular screening is recommended.
8. Due to the inability to cultivate HPV outside the body, there is currently no specific treatment for HPV.
9. Infection with high-risk HPV alone does not require treatment but necessitates TCT examination and follow-up according to medical advice.
10. After infection with high-risk HPV, there is a 70% to 80% probability of spontaneous clearance within 1 to 2 years.
11. The likelihood and duration of clearing HPV infection are influenced by various individual factors.
12. The majority of cervical lesions or cervical cancer are associated with HPV types 16 Und 18, requiring close attention.
13. After testing positive for HPV types 16 Und 18, a colposcopy biopsy is recommended.
14. The gold standard for diagnosing cervical lesions is pathological biopsy, not visual inspection, TCT, or colposcopy.
15. Regardless of sexual activity history, the World Health Organization encourages early vaccination against HPV.
16. Pre-vaccination HPV testing is not necessary, but post-vaccination, regular HPV testing is recommended.
17. Currently, HPV vaccines are available in two-valent, four-valent, and nine-valent forms; it is advisable to receive the one that is most suitable.

Contraception and Disease Prevention

1. Currently, there is no contraception method with a 100% success rate; it is advisable to choose a method that suits oneself.
2. Any unprotected sexual contact carries the risk of transmitting sexually transmitted diseases (Geschlechtskrankheiten).
3. After unprotected sexual contact, it is essential to undergo a prompt examination for preoperative eight and four infectious diseases.
4. If there is a high suspicion of possible HIV infection, it is advisable to apply for post-exposure prophylaxis at the disease control center.
5. Currently, the only contraception method that prevents sexually transmitted diseases is the use of condoms.
6. The contraceptive success rate of condoms is between 75% Und 98%, closely related to the proper use of the method.
7. Condoms are available in large, medium, and small sizes, and it’s important to choose the appropriate size.
8. Short-acting contraceptives not only prevent pregnancy (um 99%) but also have therapeutic effects.
9. It is preferable to take short-acting contraceptives at the same time every day.
10. The effective period of contraceptive implants is 3 to 5 years.
11. Contraceptive patches are a common method (91% to 99%), mainly relying on the absorption of estrogen and progestin through the skin.
12. Male sterilization has lower risk, cost, and faster recovery compared to female sterilization.
13. So-called “liquid condoms” not only have a high failure rate but also increase the risk of disease transmission.
14. Emergency contraceptive pills are a remedial measure after the failure of regular contraceptive methods.
15. Emergency contraceptive pills should be taken within 72 Std., and the later they are taken, the less effective they become.
16. “Precum” or pre-ejaculate fluid may contain a small amount of sperm, and there is a possibility of pregnancy.
17. Relying on the withdrawal method for contraception is considered unsafe by medical professionals.
18. If no conventional contraception method is used, it cannot be considered an accidental pregnancy.

Intimität

1. Rather than focusing on appearance and color, we should be concerned about the normal structure and function of organs.
2. Bleeding may not occur during the first sexual encounter, but its presence indicates an increased risk of ruptures and infections.
3. The first experience is often accompanied by unpleasant sensations; it is essential to communicate and signal “stop” if necessary.
4. Whether it’s the first time or any subsequent time, attention to cleanliness and protection is crucial.
5. Difficulty in penetration may be due to vaginal spasm or structural developmental abnormalities.
6. The hymen (commonly known as the “virginity membrane”) has openings before menstruation, facilitating the flow of menstrual blood.
7. The labia minora are usually closed in everyday life, effectively protecting the vagina from external influences.
8. Most people’s labia minora are asymmetrical, and if it doesn’t impact daily life or work, there’s no need for intervention.
9. Leg-crossing behavior in young girls between 2 Und 4 years old often continues into adulthood for many.
10. There’s no specific restriction on the frequency of masturbation as long as it doesn’t affect life and work; it can be arranged as desired.
11. Whether using tools or hands, it is advisable to practice cleanliness and protection before masturbation.
12. Individual needs fluctuate and are uncertain at different stages and states.
13. The vagina is usually in a closed state, becoming semi-open after congestion.
14. Insertive sexual activity is not the only way and should not be the default; alternatives should be explored.
15. The clitoris has a head and legs, with the legs running along the sides of the vagina, and it can be stimulated by insertive activities.
16. The existence of the G-spot is currently a subject of debate in the academic community, and it’s not necessary to actively pursue it; personal experiences should be prioritized.
17. Nur 25% of women experience vaginal orgasms.
18. Approximately 75% of women can achieve clitoral orgasms, which are also easier to attain.
19. Um 25% of women may never experience any form of orgasm in their lifetime.
20. 33% of women may fake orgasms (possibly higher), and their partners may be unaware.
21. There are various types of sexual desire disorders that require professional diagnosis; self-diagnosis is not recommended.
22. Female ejaculation (“squirting”) is essentially urinary incontinence since the bladder is the only organ capable of storing a significant amount of fluid.
23. The term “wetness” is often the secretion of Bartholin’s glands.
24. A considerable number of women prefer foreplay, and some may even exclusively enjoy it.
25. Compared to length, women tend to favor girth and hardness, with skills and communication being equally important.
26. Sexual tightness is reciprocal; if someone mentions you are loose, it might be their issue.
27. The duration should be satisfactory for both parties; excessively long durations can strain the throat and test acting skills, while overly short durations require prompt medical attention.
28. Oral sex can also transmit diseases and requires proper hygiene; using a dental dam is advisable.
29. Anal intercourse may lead to ruptures, abscesses, or sphincter relaxation or tears.
30. “Drunken mistakes” are often premeditated actions fueled by alcohol-induced courage.
31. There are no specific recommendations for pubic hair; individuals can choose to keep or remove it as they please.
32. Vaginal gas expulsion is a normal phenomenon, usually caused by imperfect organ fit, allowing air to enter.

Menstruation

1. Menstruation is just menstruation; it is not “Aunt Flo,” not “that time of the month,” and not a stroke of bad luck.
2. The normal total menstrual volume ranges from 5 mL to 80 mL, with most people falling between 20 mL and 60 mL.
3. Menstrual cycles are not always 28 days; as long as the intervals are consistent, it can be considered regular.
4. If the total menstrual volume is less than 5 mL, it is considered too little, and the underlying cause should be investigated.
5. If the total menstrual volume exceeds 80 mL, it is considered excessive, and anemia and the underlying cause should be monitored.
6. Both too little and too much menstrual flow require examination of hormone levels and gynecological ultrasound.
7. It is normal for the menstrual blood, once outside the body, to appear dark and clot; it is not a sign of toxicity or cold.
8. Dysmenorrhea is divided into primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea, with the latter requiring further investigation into the underlying cause.
9. Primary dysmenorrhea is related to prostaglandins, and there are ways to alleviate it without enduring the pain.
10. Methods to relieve primary dysmenorrhea include: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), short-acting contraceptives, and heat conduction.
11. Components of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs include ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and etoricoxib, among others.
12. Warm water and heat pads can help alleviate dysmenorrhea by increasing the metabolism of prostaglandins.
13. Weight gain during menstruation may be related to water and sodium retention.
14. Whether it’s okay to eat popsicles, drink cold beverages, or take baths during menstruation is something to be experimented with individually.
15. Medications can be used to postpone menstruation, but it is necessary to start at least 2 weeks in advance and follow medical advice.

Pregnancy

1. Pregnancy is just one choice in life; it is not a mandatory path.
2. Before deciding to get pregnant, it is advisable for both partners to understand relevant knowledge about pregnancy and parenting.
3. The so-called “optimal childbearing age” is essentially the best age for anything you do.
4. Both partners should quit smoking and drinking, including e-cigarettes, before attempting to conceive.
5. Posterior uterine position does not necessarily affect pregnancy; only an extreme forward tilting position may have an impact.
6. Elevating the hips for 10-15 minutes after intercourse can assist sperm in entering the uterine cavity.
7. Most couples conceive within one year of trying, with the average being 4-6 months.
8. Das Konzept von “protecting the fetus” is pseudo; a healthy embryo doesn’t need protection.
9. Morning sickness usually occurs between 6 Und 16 weeks of pregnancy, but some may experience it beyond 20 weeks.
10. Everyday items such as phones, WiFi, induction cookers, and printers do not emit (ionizing) radiation.
11. Pregnant women can drink coffee during pregnancy; it is recommended to limit it to the amount in a latte (around 250ml).
12. Eating certain foods during pregnancy is unlikely to change the baby’s skin color; genetics play a more significant role.
13. The physiological gender of the fetus is determined at the formation of the fertilized egg.
14. Many postnatal traits and qualities are closely related to genetics.
15. Pregnant women can eat crab as long as it’s cooked.
16. It is not recommended to challenge oneself with new foods during pregnancy.
17. The decision to perform an episiotomy is generally made by a midwife.
18. Not everyone needs an episiotomy.
19. It is essential to discuss with the doctor the possibility of painless childbirth before delivery.
20. Regardless of having an epidural or not, postpartum back pain is common.
21. The anesthesia used during a cesarean section does not affect the intelligence of the child.
22. Pregnancy itself carries risks during intercourse; both partners should carefully consider the risks.
23. Most women experience pelvic floor muscle relaxation after childbirth.
24. For postpartum conditions such as vaginal relaxation and urinary incontinence, attempting Kegel exercises is recommended.
25. Notiz: It’s Kegel exercises, not Tengger exercises or Enger exercises.
26. Kegel exercises typically show results after two months; if ineffective, medical consultation is needed.
27. “Sitting the month” is referred to as “postpartum care” in modern medicine.
28. The evaluation criteria for postpartum care are whether the mother is comfortable and healthy, with both aspects requiring consideration.
29. Close attention should be paid to the postpartum psychological state of the mother, ensuring both physical and mental health.

Daily Life

1. It is recommended to clean the external genitalia with plain water every night to maintain dryness and cleanliness, avoiding flushing or douching.
2. Drink plenty of water, urinate frequently, avoid prolonged sitting, and refrain from wearing overly tight underwear to reduce the likelihood of inflammation.
3. Changes in daily diet have a very low probability of affecting the odor of secretions, as the pathways are separate.
4. There is no strong evidence supporting concepts like “treating like with like” oder “color therapy.”
5. “Dampness” can only be expelled through cremation.
6. Das Konzept von “uterine cold” is a later-developed pseudo idea.
7. The uterus, Eierstöcke, external genitalia, usw., do not require maintenance.
8. Pigment deposition in the intimate area is normal under normal hormone levels and is unrelated to sexual experiences.
9. Menstruation, sweating, enemas, and cleansing the intestines are not methods of “detoxification.”
10. The effectiveness of brown sugar water for relieving menstrual pain depends mainly on the hot water used.
11. Most of the health supplements available in the market cater to pseudo-demands.
12. The best way to prevent skin aging is to use sunscreen.
13. Excessive sugar intake can affect the condition of the skin.
14. Bird’s nest, gelatin, flower gum, usw., have no proven benefits.
15. The probability of spreading sexually transmitted diseases through shared toilets, washing machines, usw., is extremely low.
16. Underwear and socks can be washed together, but it is advisable to add disinfectant for better hygiene.

Other Gynecological Diseases

1. Four major gynecological emergencies: ruptured corpus luteum, ectopic pregnancy, torsion of ovarian cyst pedicle, and acute entzündliche Erkrankung des Beckens.
2. Ruptured corpus luteum usually occurs about 1 week before the next menstrual period and is often related to vigorous exercise.
3. Ectopic pregnancy typically occurs around 6 weeks after the last menstrual period.
4. Torsion of the ovarian cyst pedicle typically occurs when there is an existing cyst, and intense physical activity triggers it.
5. Ovarian cyst torsion often involves a dermoid cyst, and it is unrelated to having twins.
6. Surgery is not always necessary for ovarian cysts; for example, functional cysts can be observed.
7. If an ovarian cyst is detected during a checkup, it is usually recommended to have a follow-up gynecological ultrasound after the next menstrual period.
8. Diseases like uterine fibroids are challenging to eliminate through medication once they are established.
9. Localized whitening, rupture, and bleeding of the skin in the external genital area may be indicative of lichen sclerosus.
10. If there is bleeding during the ovulation period for three consecutive menstrual cycles, prompt medical attention is advised.